On Monday, Holocaust Remembrance Day, Israel’s state archive released the 53-year-old transcript of the Cabinet meeting at which Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion informed his ministers that Adolf Eichmann had been captured and was held in Israel.
The transcript offers a unique and entirely candid look at one of the key moments in Israel’s history. One of the ministers, Yitzhak Ben-Aharon, was so flabbergasted by the news that he blurted out in Yiddish, “Ve macht man das?” How does one do that?
The Cabinet meeting took place on May 23, 1960. Twelve days earlier, a Mossad team captured Eichmann outside of Buenos Aires, Argentina, interrogated him in a safe-house, smuggled him out of the country drugged and dressed as an El Al crewman, and flown him to Israel in an operation that is still considered one of the great triumphs of Israel intelligence. The ministers knew none of this, not even the country where the operation had taken place.
Chief prosecutor of the Eichmann trial, Israeli Attorney Gideon Hausner (left) and Justice Gabriel Bach, senior prosecutor in the Adolf Eichmann Trial (middle, facing camera), during Adolf Eichmann’s (back) trial in Jerusalem (photo credit: GPO/Flash90)
Two years later, after a trial that riveted Israel and marked the country’s first public attempt to come to terms with the Holocaust, Eichmann was found guilty and hanged.
The excitement of that Cabinet meeting is still evident in the old transcript. Several of the ministers, it emerges, including Ben-Gurion himself, had actually met Eichmann before the war as representatives of the Jewish Agency. One recalled that Eichmann asked him in Vienna if he had come to bring back the bones of Theodor Herzl.
Some of the ministers wanted details about the prisoner. Others were already thinking about the trial. Others seemed primarily concerned with how to reward the operatives who kidnapped the Nazi, and urged Ben-Gurion to mention them in his address that day to the Knesset.
Israel’s Premier David Ben-Gurion, using his hand for emphasis, converses with West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in the latter’s suite at the Waldorf Towers in New York, March 14, 1960. Ben Gurion, 73, visited the 84 year old Chancellor briefly for informal discussions. (AP Photo)
The prime minister did not do so: “The reward for a mitzvah is the mitzvah itself,” he said.
Perhaps he was already thinking ahead: Faced with fury from Argentina over the violation of its sovereignty, Israel would later claim, implausibly, that Eichmann was captured not by Israeli agents but by Israeli citizens operating on their own initiative.
What follows is a translated and condensed version of the original Hebrew transcript, marked “Top secret.”
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The meeting began at 15:40.
349. Agenda: The capture of A. Eichmann.
Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion: Our security services have long been looking for Adolf Eichmann, and in the end they found him, he’s in Israel and will stand trial here.
I will ask the Knesset speaker for permission to make an announcement at the beginning of the session [later that day], and will say the following: I must inform the Knesset that not long ago the security services found one of the great Nazi war criminals – Adolf Eichmann, who was responsible along with other Nazi leaders for what they called the final solution to the Jewish problem, that is, the extermination of the six million Jews of Europe. Adolf Eichmann is already under arrest in Israel and will soon face trial in Israel, in keeping with the laws governing justice for the Nazis and their helpers.
This is one of two crimes for which Israel has not canceled the death penalty.
Transportation Minister Yitzhak Ben-Aharon: How, in what way, where? Ve macht man das? [How does one do that?]
Ben-Gurion: That is why we have a security service.
Finance Minister Levi Eshkol: They deserve congratulations, how did they bring him?
Interior Minister Moshe Haim Shapira: When I was in Vienna in 1938 on behalf of the Jewish Agency, I met him.
Ben-Aharon: I was in his office in 1936.
Ben-Gurion: There is also a letter signed by him. “I, the undersigned, Adolf Eichmann, do freely state: Now that my real identity has been revealed, I see there is no point in trying to evade justice. I state that I am willing to travel to Israel and be tried there in court. It goes without saying that I will be granted a defense and will be able to express … the facts from my last years of service in Germany, so that the coming generations will be given a true picture. I am giving this statement of my own free will. I have not been promised anything and they did not threaten me. I want, at long last, to achieve internal peace. Because I cannot remember all of the details and I might mix them up and confuse them, I ask for assistance in providing me with documents and testimonies that will help me to express things in their true light.”
‘There is also a letter signed by him.’ A section of the transcript (photo credit: Israel’s state archive)
In 1938 [Ben-Gurion continues] I met him in Vienna, until then there was still the plan to bring all of the Jews to Madagascar, but in 1941 the plan was changed.
Shapira: He asked me if I had come to remove Herzl’s bones… Externally he resembled his photograph from those days.
Development Minister Mordechai Bentov: Was the letter written in Israel?
Ben-Gurion: Not in Israel.
Eshkol: I already said they deserve congratulations, I don’t know if it’s a person or a group, but I suggest that at the [Knesset] session the prime minister express special appreciation for this action, maybe with some kind of token.
Ben-Gurion: What kind of token?
Eshkol: We don’t have medals.
Ben-Gurion: The reward for a mitzvah is the mitzvah itself. […]
Ben-Aharon: I can’t conquer my curiosity, I’m not demanding to know in which country he was caught, but I want to know how they found him.
Justice Minister Pinhas Rosen: I suggest that no details be given about that. […]
Religions Minister Yaakov Moshe Toledano: Does the German government know or not?
Ben-Aharon: Can other countries join the trial?
Rosen: I think that it will be impossible to find an Israeli lawyer, a Jew or an Arab, who will agree to defend him, but on the other hand, in legal terms, there must be a defense attorney. If he asks for a German, Swiss, French or English attorney, we’ll give him any attorney he wants.
Foreign Minister Golda Meir: On the condition he wasn’t a Nazi.[…]
Agriculture Minister Moshe Dayan: And if the lawyer is Arab?
Ben-Gurion: I am certain that an Arab will also not agree to defend him.
Shapira: How is he behaving in prison?
Mossad director Isser Harel: He doesn’t understand our behavior, he thought that we would beat him and treat him cruelly. We are treating him in keeping with the laws of the State of Israel, from the day the arrest order for him was issued and given to the Justice Ministry he is being treated according to the law. […]
Shapira: I met him with the late Dr. Sentor. When we went in we had to stand, Sentor didn’t want to, we sat when he came in and Sentor didn’t get up, so [Eichmann] said to him: If you don’t get out of Austria within 24 hours, you’ll go to a quarantine camp. Of course Sentor immediately left Vienna. […]
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